WHAT IS PLANNING

WHAT IS PLANNING
It is a situation where by the management or person in question take time to analyses current situation in order to  determine ways of reaching or achieving the desired goal in the future. It is actually the beginning of the process of management

PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING

It should be for the right period of time in the future.
Right amount of details should be available.
Availability of alternative course of actions. Two-Three options should be available.
Planning should be base on fact. Availability of fact will help you to plan well.
It should be performed by the right person.
Flexible standard should be follow

PLANNING PROCESS

Establishment of objectives
Identification of opportunities
Selection of alternative course of action
Formulation of specific target
Implementation
Feedback

TYPES OF ORGANIZATION PLAN

1. Strategic and Tactical plan
2. Single use plan
3. Programme
4. Project
5. Budget

STRATEGIC AND TACTICAL PLAN: Strategic plan is a type of plan that determine the major goals of the organization and analyses the ways to accomplish them. Tactical plan is a type of plan that harmonize the resources of the organization to achieve the stated goal.

SINGLE USE PLAN: This is type of plan that is use to  carry out course of action that will probably not be repeated. Example: Building a company factory.

PROGRAMME: This is a plan that involves large set of activities.

PROJECT PLAN: This is type of organization plan that can be formulated and implemented  as an independent plan.

BUDGET PLAN:  This  is a statement showing the quantity of financial resources set aside to get a project done




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 DEFINITION OF ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE AND TYPES

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT

This was the period of great intellectual awakening when scientific and technological discoveries of Galileo, Harvey etc. gave rise to industrial revolution. Accelerated development were witnessed thus creating other management problems such as division of labour, specialization of skills, owner could no longer cope. Employees resented the factory condition and low wages being paid,  employers fought back with dismissal and threats. With this,  emerge different concepts and principles on how

what is management

what is management
This is the multi-purpose organ of an organization that direct or coordinate all other resources of the organization through the process of planning, controlling, directing, and organizing in order to achieved the primary objective of the organization. For this reason it can be said that management is the process of getting things done through others.

WHAT IS THE CONCEPT OF MANAGEMENT
This is the cornerstone or foundation for the development of principles and theories of management.

WHY MANAGEMENT IS REGARDED AS UNIVERSALITY ROLE
It is regarded as universality role because all over the globe management function is almost the same and all the manager perform almost the same role whether profit making organization or not profit making organization.

THE 4Ms OF MANAGEMENT
The 4ms of management are:
1. Man
2. Money
3. Machine
4. Materials
Out of this 4ms of production man is the most difficult variables to control. Hence most principles of management use today were developed in order to manage man.

WHO IS A MANAGER
A manager is the person that carry on the activities of management. He/She sees to the affairs of the organization and direct or co-ordinate all others resources of the organization. An office manager should possess a deep knowledge of various motivation concept which includes good use of communication, appropriate leadership styles and provision of suitable working environment. He/She is expected to possess both technical and human skills.

ROLE OR FUNCTION OF MANAGER
1. He make decision for the organization
2. He plan and formulate policy to meet the organization goal
3. He organize and sees that proper or competent people are staff
4. He control and check the activities in the organization if meet target
5. He ensure good communication among subordinate in the organization.

GOALS OF AN ORGANIZATION
1. Profit maximization so as to deliver dividend to shareholders
2. They want to survived in the market so they deploy strategy to achieve this goal.
3. Grow potentially in the operating environment may also be a factor to be considered
4. To gain larger market or dominate the market
5. To sees to the welfare of their staff
6. Find a way to contribute to the social well being of the environment they operate

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What is decision making and types
 TELEPHONE ETIQUETTE/RULES

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WHAT IS DECISION MAKING AND TYPIES

DEFINITION OF DECISION MAKING
This is the process of listing out alternatives objectives or course of action and taking a choice by selecting the best alternative among others. Decision is the selection of alternative course of action from available alternatives in order to achieve a given objective. Decision making is one of the crucial activities of management. A decision to increase production in a particular industry could necessitate employment of more labour,  increase in plant capacity, acquisition of more equipment.

DECISION MAKING PROCESS OR TYPES
The decision making process is influence by the following factors.
i. Decision making under certainty
ii. Decision making under risk
iii. Decision making under uncertainty

DECISION MAKING UNDER CERTAINTY
A decision made with full knowledge of the outcome of the event. It is a decision with full knowledge of the outcome.
Assuming that a security service organization wishes to determine the cheapest way of handling its services in the following ways.
- If it sub-contract it could cost $7,000 per annum.
- If it handles its own security by hiring four (4) security men it could cost $10,000 per annum.
Choosing from any of the alternative the outcome is fully known. That is decision making under certainty.

DECISION MAKING UNDER RISK
It is assumed that accurate knowledge about the probability distribution of the consequence of each alternative exist. It is those situation where we do not know what the future outcome of a project will be but the probabilities of alternative outcome can be estimated with some degree of confidence through a careful study of past results in similar field.

DECISION MAKING UNDER UNCERTAINTY
The consequence of its choice cannot be defined. There is no exact assurance of the outcome of the alternative. Under this case the manager or the person in question only use his intuition, judgement and experience.

STAGES IN DECISION MAKING
The following steps are followed in making decisions:
1. Formulation of goals: Goals are general abstract end of state or desired intent to fulfill by the management. The goals intent to fulfill will be the guide line for the decision making.
2. Acquiring or seeking information about the alternative course of action: There should be enough information about each course of action in order to aid good decision making.
3. Analysis of the alternative: this is done by examining each course of action against one another in order to determine the best course of actions among the alternatives.
4. Choice: This is the stage of selecting from the alternatives course of actions after which the alternatives must have been well analyzed.
5. Implementation: This is the process of putting the alternative selected into action. This is an important stage, for if this alternative is not well implemented it will lead to a waste of effort
6. Feedback

TYPES OF DECISION SITUATION
The following are types of decision situation in which an individual or organization make decision

1.      Personal

2.      Group

3.      Organizational

4.      Committees

5.      Quantitative e.g. least square

6.      Programmed

7.      Routinized

    WHAT IS PLANNING

WHAT IS PLANNING
It is a situation where by the management or person in question take time to analyses current situation in order to  determine ways of reaching or achieving the desired goal in the future. It is actually the beginning of the process of management

PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING

It should be for the right period of time in the future.
Right amount of details should be available.
Availability of alternative course of actions. Two-Three options should be available.
Planning should be base on fact. Availability of fact will help you to plan well.
It should be performed by the right person.
Flexible standard should be follow

PLANNING PROCESS

Establishment of objectives
Identification of opportunities
Selection of alternative course of action
Formulation of specific target
Implementation
Feedback

TYPES OF ORGANIZATION PLAN

1. Strategic and Tactical plan
2. Single use plan
3. Programme
4. Project
5. Budget

STRATEGIC AND TACTICAL PLAN: Strategic plan is a type of plan that determine the major goals of the organization and analyses the ways to accomplish them. Tactical plan is a type of plan that harmonize the resources of the organization to achieve the stated goal.

SINGLE USE PLAN: this is type of plan that is use to  carry out course of action that will probably not be repeated. Example: Building a company factory.

PROGRAMME: This is a plan that involves large set of activities.

PROJECT PLAN: This is type of organization plan that can be formulated and implemented  as an independent plan.

BUDGET PLAN:  This  is a statement showing the quantity of financial resources set aside to get a project done

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