Motivation refers to the factors that stimulate, drive, aspire, and arose the desire of human being towards achieving organization goal. It is what causes us to behave the way we do.
FEATURES OF MOTIVATION
1. Energy Arousal: This is inner urge that prompt us to mobilize resources and achieve our goals.2. Direct of Effort: This enable us to have a focus towards the attainment of a particular goal.
3. Sensitivity to Relevant Stimuli: This will help us to pay attention to only those things that are relevant to the attainment of our goal, While ignoring the irrelevant ones.
4. Organization: The response unit is organize in sequence.
5. Persistence of Activities: Our effort is enduring until the motivation condition change
THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
1. ABRAHAM MASLOW'S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS- This theory was propose by Abram Maslow; A famous American psychologist. His theory state that human motives develop in sequence according to five level of needs in order of importance.
NAMES OF NEED ACCORDINGLY
- Physiological need- These are the basic need for sustaining our lives. e.g. Food, Water, Clothing, Air, Shelter
- Safety Needs- This are protection against danger, fear, lost of jobs and properties etc.
- Social Needs- This refers to the need to associate and be accepted by others.
- Esteem Needs- An individual desire to develop self respect and self confident to have personal prestige.
- Self Actualization Needs- To realize one's potential for continual self development.
2. TWO-FACTOR THEORY- This is otherwise know as hygiene theory. It was propose by Fredrick Hertz berg. He believes that factors which create satisfaction are those that come from the inner (i.e intrinsic) content of the job. These are satisfiers or motivators, they include achievement, recognition, the work itself e.t.c. This satisfy higher needs.
However, factors which create dissatisfaction are from the outer (i.e extrinsic) job context. These are dis-satisfier or hygiene factors. Examples are salary, job security, status, working condition. this satisfy lower need.
3. X AND Y THEORY- It was propose by Douglas McGregor.
Theory X has a number of negative absorption against man. X theory believe the following
1. Man is naturally lazy in nature
2. Man lacks ambitions, it dislike responsibility and prefer to be lead
3. Man is self center and indifferent to goals of organization
4. Man is by nature resistance to changes
Theory Y view man positively with this absorptions
1. Man is not by nature lazy.2. Man values work.
3. Man is ambitious delightful, responsible and has initiative.
4. Man is considerate and ready to direct his behavior towards organization goals.
5. Man by nature is not resistance to changes and organization goal.
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